Curso pro anglophonos preparate per le Union Norvegian pro Interlingua

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)

Le Union Norvegian pro Interlingua ha publicate un curso excellente pro anglophonos, le "Interlingua course for beginners" (Curso de interlingua pro comenciantes). Illo es le version anglese de un curso scribite pro daneses per Thomas Breinstrup, le secretario del Union Danese pro Interlingua. Illo es publicate in formato PDF, e vos pote discargar lo facilemente e apprender un vocabulario de circa 750 parolas durante que vos lo studia.

Le prime dece lectiones narra le historia complete del familia Hansen, qui va a Scotia pro visitar lor amicos. Il ha explicationes grammatic e exercitios pro cata lection. Le ultime cinque lectiones es conversationes plus longe. Le adresse electronic de iste curso es [http://www.interlingua.com/an/curso].


Iste curso es plus breve que mi curso, “Lege interlingua e apprende su structura”, que usa le methodo inductive sin le necessitate de explicationes in altere linguas e es disponibile in le sito “Interlingua in interlingua”, [http://www.geocities.com/hkyson]. Ben que le methodo pedagogic de Thomas Breinstrup es differente del mie, su curso es excellente.

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The Norwegian Interlingua Union has published an excellent course for English speakers, the “Interlingua Course for Beginners.” It is the English version of a course written for Danes by Thomas Breinstrup, the secretary of the Danish Interlingua Union. It is published in the PDF format, and you can easily print it out and learn a vocabulary of about 750 words as you study it.

The first ten lessons narrate the complete history of the Hansen family, who go to Scotland to visit their friends. There are grammatical explanations and exercises for each lesson. The last five lessons are longer conversations. The URL for this course is [http://www.interlingua.com/an/curso].

This course is shorter than my course, “Lege interlingua e apprende su structura,” which uses the inductive method.without the need for explanations in other languages and is available at the site for “Interlingua in interlingua,” [http://www.geocities.com/hkyson]. Though Thomas Breinstrup’s teaching method differs from mine, his course is excellent.

Monsieur Jourdain apprende que ille sape manipular multo ben su lingua materne

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, French, English)

LE SENIOR JOURDAIN: Deo mie! Pro quaranta annos io ha parlate in le prosa sin saper ullo sur illo; e io es multissime grate que vos me ha inseniate illo. Io nunc volerea mitter lo in un littera de amor: "Belle marchessa, vostre oculos belle me face morir de amor", ma io volerea que illo se exprime de un maniera gallante, que illo se redige de un maniera elegante.

LE MAGISTRO DE PHILOSOLPHIA: Dice que le focos de su oculos ruduce tu corde a cineres, que vos suffre nocte e die a causa de illa le violentias de un...

LE SENIOR JOURDAIN: No, no, no. Io non vole omne illo de ulle maniera. Io vole dicer solmente lo que io ha dicite: "Belle marchessa, vostre oculos belle me face morir de amor".

LE MAGISTRO DE PHILOSOPHIA: Il es necesse extender le cosa un pauco.

LE SENIOR JOURDAIN: No, io vos dice, io vole solmente iste parolas in le littera, ma exprimite elegantemente e de un maniera ben arrangiate. Io vos preca facer me decider, de maniera que io pote vider, le manieras differente pro exprimer los.

LE MAGISTRO DE PHILOSOPHIA: Primo on pote exprimer los como vos ha dicite: "Belle marchessa, vostre oculos belle me face morir de amor." O possibilemente,"De amor morir me face, belle marchessa, vostre belle oculos." O forsan, "Vostre oculos belle de amor me face, belle marquessa, morir." E anque "me face vostre oculos belle mourir, belle marchessa, de amor."

LE SENIOR JOURDAIN: Ma de omne ille manieras, quales le melior?

LE MAGISTRO DE PHILOSOPHIA: Lo que vos ha dicite:"Belle marchessa, vostre oculos belle me face morir de amor."

LE SENIOR JOURDAIN: Ma io non ha studiate ullo, e io ha exprimite illo le prime vice. Io vole exprimer a vos mi gratitude con omne mi corde, e io vos preca de retornar deman a un hora matutinal.

LE MAGISTRO DE PHILOSOPHIA: Io vos assecura que io retornara.

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Monsieur Jourdain apprit qu'il sait manipuler très bien sa langue maternelle.

MONSIEUR JOURDAIN : Par ma foi! Il y a plus de quarante ans que je dis de la prose, sans que j'en susse rien; et je vous suis le plus obligé du monde, de m'avoir appris cela. Je voudrais donc mettre dans un billet : "Belle marquise, vos beaux yeux me font mourir d'amour." Mais je voudrais que cela fût tourné gentiment.

MAÎTRE DE PHILOSOPHIE : Mettre que les feux de ses yeux réduisent votre cœur en cendres; que vous souffrez nuit et jour pour elle les violences d'un...

MONSIEUR JOURDAIN : Non, non, non, je ne veux point tout cela ; je ne veux que ce que je vous ai dit : "Belle marquise, vos beaux yeux me font mourir d'amour."

MAÎTRE DE PHILOSOPHIE : Il faut bien étendre un peu la chose.

MONSIEUR JOURDAIN : Non, vous dis-je, je ne veux que ces seules paroles-là dans le billet : mais tournées à la mode, bien arrangées comme il faut. Je vous prie de me dire un peu, pour voir, les diverses manières dont on peut les mettre.

MAÎTRE DE PHILOSOPHIE : On les peut mettre primièrement comme vous avez dit : "Belle marquise, vos beaux yeux me font mourir d'amour." Ou bien : "D'amour mourir me font, belle Marquise, vos beux yeux." Ou bien : "Me font vos yeux beaux mourir, belle Marquise, d'amour me font." Ou bien : "Me font vos yeux beaux mourir, belle Marquise, d'amour."

M0NSIEUR JOURDAIN : "Mais de toutes ces façons-là, laquelle est la meilleure ?

MAÎTRE DE PHILOSOPHIE : Celle que vous avez dite :"Belle marquise, vos beaux yeux me font mourir d'amour."

MONSIEUR JOURDAIN : Cependant je n'ai point étudié, et j'ai fait cela tout du premier coup. Je vous remercie de tout mon cœur, et vous prie de venir demain de bonne heure.

MAÎTRE DE PHILOSOPHIE : Je n'y manquerai pas.

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Mr. Jourdain learns that he knows how to manipulate his native language quite well.

MR. JOURDAIN: God damn! I have been speaking prose for forty years without knowing it. I would now like to put it into a love letter : "My beautiful marquise, your beautiful eyes make me die of love."But I would like to express that in the most gallant way, rewritten in an elegant way.

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY: Say that the fires of her eyes reduce your heart to cinders; that because of her you are suffering night and day the violence of a...

MR. JOURDAIN: No, no, no, I don't want any of that stuff. I only want what I have said "My beautiful marquise, your beautiful eyes make me die of love."

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY: It would be better to extend it a bit.

MR. JOURDAIN: No, I'm telling you, I want to include only those words in the letter, but expressed most elegantly in the best way possible.

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY: Okay. You could write them the way you said, "My beautiful marquise, your beautiful eyes make me die of love." Or you could say, "Of love I am made to die, my beautiful marquise, by your beautiful eyes." Or you could also say,"By your beautiful eyes, my beautiful marquise, I am made to die." Another possibility would be,"I am made to die by your beautiful eyes, my beautiful marquise, of love."

MR. JOURDAIN: Yeah, but which of all those ways is the best?

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY: The one that you gave, "My beautiful marquise, your beautiful eyes make me die of love."

MR. JOURDAIN: Wow! And to think that I haven't done any studying at all, and I got it right the first time around. I want to thank you with all my heart, and please come back again early tomorrow.

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY: I’ll be sure to do so.

Verbos in anglese e interlingua

(Languages of this post: Introduction in Interlingua, examples in Interlingua and English)

Ben que le systema verbal del anglese es plus complicate que le systema de interlingua, il ha multe contactos inter iste duo systemas, e studentes assatis nove de interlingua e del anglese potera exprimer se melio si illes compara attentemente le 22 textos bilingue que seque:

(1) Multo ben, ecce le procedimento de iste parte de nostre studio: Johano parla iste parolas in anglese. Postea le computator los traduce al francese. E finalmente le subjectos de iste experiment audi iste parolas per un altoparlator controlate per le computator.

(Okay, here's the procedure for this part of our study: Johano speaks these words in English. Afterwards the computer translates them into French. And finally the subjects of this experiment hear these words through a loudspeaker controlled by the computer.)

(2) Maria e Irma parlava iste parolas in anglese, e le computator los traduceva al italiano. Finalmente omne le studentes los audiva per un altoparlator controlate per le computator.

(Maria and Irma spoke these words in English, and the computer translated them into Italian. Finally all the students heard them through a loudspeaker controlled by the computer.)

(3) Gustavo parlara iste gruppo de parolas in espaniol. Le computator los traducera al portugese e al italiano. Postea ille e su amicos los audira per un altoparlator parve que le computator controlara.

(Gustavo will speak this group of words in Spanish. The computer will translate them into Portuguese and Italian. Afterwards he and his friends will hear them through a small loudspeaker that the computer will control.)

(4) Sven va a parlar iste parolas in svedese. Le computator va a traducer los a germano, e postea le assistentes del laboratorio va a audir lor formas parlate quando le programma del computator habera finite su processamento del parolas.

(Sven is going to speak these words in Swedish. The computer will translate them into German, and afterwards the lab/laboratory assistants are going to hear them through a small loudspeaker that the computer will control.)

(5) Ecce lo que nos iva facer: Sven iva a parlar iste parolas in svedese. Le computator iva a traducer los a germano, e postea le assistentes del laboratorio iva a audir lor formas parlate quando le programma del computator habeva finite su processamento del parolas. Ma nos debeva stoppar iste parte del studio a causa de nove problemas con le logiciel del computator.

(Here's what we were going to do: Sven was going to speak these words in Swedish. The computer was going to translate them into German, and afterwards the lab/laboratory assistants were going to hear their spoken forms when the computer had finished its processing of the words. But we had to stop this part of the study because of new problems with the computer software.)

(6) Si Alberto esseva un del voluntarios pro iste experimento, ille parlarea iste parolas in catalano. Tunc le computator los traducerea al francese, al espaniol, e al portugese. Finalmente omnes poterea audir lor formas parlate per un altoparlator con un connexion al computator.

(If Albert were one of the volunteers for this experiment, he would speak these words in Catalan. Then the computer would translate them into French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Finally, everyone would be able to hear their spoken forms through a loudspeaker with a connection to the computer.)

(7) Post haber parlate, traducite, e audite iste parolas ex le altoparlator del magnetophono, le studentes va a scriber los omnes.

[After having spoken translated, and listened to these words through the loudspeaker of the tape recorder, the students are going to write (all of them [out])/(them all [out])].

(8) Ille ha parlate iste parolas a in un microphono. Post illo le computator los ha analysate e traducite al japonese. Finalmente omne le studentes los ha audite per le altoparlatores del computator.

(He has spoken these words into a microphone. After that, the computer has analyzed and translated them into Japanese. Finally, all the students have heard them through the loudspeakers of the computer.)

(9) Ante que le experimento finiva, omne le studentes habeva parlate iste parolas de maniera que le computator poteva processar los. Postea le computator los habeva traducite al linguas romanic. Finalmente omne le assistentes del laboratorio los habeva audite, ma il esseva obvie que le systema non functionava multo ben.

(Before the experiment finished, all the students had spoken these words so that the computer could process them. Afterwards the computer had translated them into the Romance languages. Finally all the lab/laboratory assistants had listened to them, but it was obvious that the system was not working very well.)

(10) Ante que nos continuara con le experimento, Alberto habera parlate iste parolas in anglese, le computator los habera traducite a in omne le linguas includite in su programma, e al fin de iste classe omnes habera audite le traductiones de iste secunde gruppo de linguas per le altoparlator del computator.

(Before we will continue with the experiment, Albert will have spoken these words in English, the computer will have translated them into all the languages included in its program, and at the end of this class everyone will have heard the translations of this second group of languages through the loudspeaker of the computer.)

(11) Secundo nostre plan anterior, Alberto haberea parlate iste parolas in anglese, le computator los haberea traducite a omne le linguas includite in su programma, e al fin de iste classe on haberea audite le traductiones de iste secunde gruppo de linguas per le altoparlator del computator.

(According to our former plan, Alberto would have spoken these words in English, the computer would have translated them into all the languages included in its program, and at the end of this class everyone would have heard the translations of this second group of languages through the loudspeaker of the computer.)

(12) Audiente iste parolas per le altoparlator, le studentes trovava que illes poteva comprender los facilemente.

(Hearing these words through the loudspeaker, the students found that they could understand them easily.)

(13) Le studentes, audiente iste parolas per le altoparlator, trovava que illes poteva comprender los facilemente.

(The students, hearing thse groups through the loudspeaker, found that they could understand them easily.)

(14) Le studentes habente comprendite le prime gruppo de parolas sin errores, le computator tunc processava le secunde gruppo.

(With the students having understood the first group of words without mistakes, the computer then processed the second group.)

(15) Habente comprendite le prime gruppo de parolas processate per le computator, le studentes attendeva le secunde gruppo.

(Having understood the first group of words processed by the computer, the students waited for the second group.)

(16) Le studentes, habente comprendite le prime gruppo de parolas processate per le computator, attendeva le secunde gruppo.

(The students, having understood the first group of words processed by the computer, waited for the second group.)

(17) Gustavo, habente parlate iste gruppo de parolas processate per le computator, attendeva un nove gruppo de parolas.

(Gustavo, having spoken this group of words processed by the computer, waited for a new group of words.)

(18) Gustavo, habente parlate iste gruppo de parolas al computator, attendeva usque illo los processava.

(Gustavo, having spoken this group of words to the computer, waited until it processed them.)

(19) Habente traducite iste parolas al espaniol, le computator los emitteva in forma parlate trans su altoparlator.

(Having translated these words into Spanish, the computer emitted them in a spoken form through its loudspeaker.)

(20) Habente audite iste parolas per le altoparlator, le studentes trovava que illes non poteva comprender los.

(Having heard these words through the loudspeaker, the students found that they could not understand them.)

(21) Le studentes habente parlate le prime gruppo de parolas, le computator tunc los processava, pronunciante los trans su altoparlator.

(With the students having spoken the first group of words, the computer then processed them, pronouncing them through its loudspeaker.)

(22) Le studentes habeva parlate le prime gruppo de parolas; e le computator, post processar los, anque los pronunciava simultaneemente trans su altoparlator.

(The students had spoken the first group of words; and the computer, after processing them, also pronounced them (at the same time)/(simultaneously) through its loudspeaker.)

Le economia es multo malade, dice Obama.

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, Spanish, English)

Le presidente electe del Statos Unite, Barack Obama, describeva como “multo malade” le economia del Statos Unite e preveniva que le situation impejorara.

“Nos debe actuar immediatemente pro interrumper le processo que produce iste recession”, ille diceva. Ille addeva que le ultime statisticas sur le disempleo in le Statos Unite es multo preoccupante.

Previemente, Obama se reuniva con le alte functionarios del Congresso pro discuter mensuras con le fin de stimular le economia e crear nove impleos. Ille presentava al Congresso un plano de stimulo economic que poterea approximar se al US$800.000 milliones in duo annos, que include reductiones in impostos de unes US$300.000 milliones. Ille diceva que ille vole que su proposition sia approbate pauco post su juramentation le proxime 20 de januario.

Le economistas in omne le partes del spectro politic es de accordo que si nos non actua de un maniera immediate e efficace, nos poterea vider un recession economic multo plus acute que poterea significar un taxa de disoccupation de duo digitos e le evanescimento del sonio statounitese.

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El presidente electo de Estados Unidos, Barack Obama, describió como "muy enferma" a la economía de los Estados Unidos y advirtió que la situación empeora.

“Tenemos que actuar ahora para interrumpir el proceso que produce esta recesión”, dijo. También dijo que las últimas cifras sobre el desempleo en los Estados Unidos. son muy preocupantes.

Previamente, Obama se reunió con líderes del Congreso para discutir medidas con el fin de impulsar la economía y crear nuevos empleos. Presentó al Congreso un plan de estímulo económico que podría acercarse a los US$800.000 millones en dos años, que incluye recortes tributarios por unos US$300.000 millones. Dijo que quiere que su propuesta sea aprobada poco después de su juramentación el próximo 20 de enero.

Los economistas a través del espectro político están de acuerdo con que si no actuamos de forma inmediata y eficaz, podríamos ver una recesión económica mucho más aguda que podría significar un desempleo de dos dígitos y el desvanecimiento del sueño estadounidense.

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The president elect of the United States, Barack Obama, described the US economy as “very sick” and warned that things will get worse.

“We must act immediately to interrupt the process that is causing this recession,” he said. He added that the latest figures on unemployment in the Untied States are very worrisome.

Previously, Obama got together with congressional leaders to discuss measures to stimulate the economy and create new jobs. He presented to the Congress an economic stimulus plan that could reach $800 billion in two years, which includes tax reductions of some $300 billion. He said that he wants his proposal to be approved shortly after his swearing in on January 20.

Economists in all parts of the political spectrum agree that if we do not act immediately and effectively, we could see a much more acute economic recession that could mean a two-digit unemployment rate and the vanishing of the American dream.

Personas organisate e le longevitate

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, Portuguese, English)

Un studio per le Universitate de California, Riverside, suggere que personas organisate e disciplinate tende viver usque quarto annos plus que le plus impulsives.

Le autores del studio dice que characteristicas psychologic es tan importante pro le sanitate como factores medic e social.

“Personas plus conscientiose ha melior habitos in relation a lor sanitate, risca minus, e tende a haber empleos e maritages plus stabile”, diceva le psychologo Howard Friedman, un del autores del studio.

“Multes de ille individuos anque ha usque un predisposition biologic a esser san”, ille addeva.

Le studio anque dice que personas plus disciplinate tende a esser plus felice e consume minus drogas e alcohol.

Pro le studio, publicate in le magazin del Association American de Psychologia, Friedman e su equipa analysava datos de 20 studios que se concentrava sur characteristicas typic de personas conscientiose e que involveva plus que 8,9 mille voluntarios de paises disveloppate.

Le scientistas examinava in particular tres characteristicas: le autocontrolo, le organization, e le diligentia. Illes discoperiva que le duo ultime aspectos es le plus jungite al longevitate.

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Uma pesquisa realizada pela Universidade da Califórnia em Riverside sugere que pessoas organizadas e disciplinadas tendem a viver até quatro anos mais do que as mais impulsivas.

Os autores da pesquiza dizem que caraterísticas psicológicas são tão importantes como fatores médicos e sociais na saúde.

"Pessoas mais conscienciosas têm melhores hábitos em relação a sua saúde, se arriscam menos, e tendem a ter empregos e casamentos mais estáveis", disse o psicólogo Howard Friedman, um dos autores do estudo.

"Muitos desses indivíduos também têm até uma predisposição biológica a serem saudáveis", acrescentou.

A pesquisa tambêm diz que pessoas mais discliplinadas tendem a ser mais felizes, e consomem menos drogas e álcool.

Para o estudo, publicado na revista da Associação Americana de Psicologia, Friedman e sua equipe analisaram dados de 20 pesquisas que se concentravam em características típicas de pessoas conscienciosas e que envolveram mais de 8,9 mil voluntários de países desenvolvidos.

Os cientistas examinaram em particular três características: o auto-controle, a organização e a diligência. Eles descobriram que os dois últimos aspectos são os mais ligados à longevidade.

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A study by the University of California, Riverside, suggests that organized and disciplined people tend to live up to four years longer than people who are more impulsive.

The authors of the study say that psychological characteristics are as important for health as medical and social factors.

“People who are more conscientious have better health habits, are less inclined to risk, and tend to have jobs and marriages that are more stable,” said the psychologist Howard Friedman, one of the authors of the study.

“Many of these people also have a biological predisposition to be healthy,” he added.

The study also says that more disciplined people tend to be happier and consume fewer drugs and less alcohol.

For the study, published in the magazine of the American Psychological Association, Friedman and his team analyzed data from twenty studies concentrated on typical characteristics of conscientious people that involved more than 8,900 volunteers from developed countries.

The scientists examined in particular three characteristics: self control, organization, and diligence. They discovered that the two last aspects are the ones most heavily connected to longevity.

Africa e le medicina moderne

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, French, English)

Le contributions del societate europee al medicina on recognosceva ante multe tempore. Le grecos es considerate como le precursores del medicina moderne. Illes studiava le progression del maladias. Illes habeva cognoscentias del constitution del corpore human, e lor lingua ha donate al medicina multo de su vocabulario.

Ma le grecos probabilemente apprendeva multo del egyptianos ancian, qui ha comprendite le structura e functionamento del corpore human de lor practica del mummification. Imhotep, le architecto del pyramides famose, es cognoscite como le prime "patre del medicina" a causa de su influentia.

Le egyptologo Stephen Quirke indica que mesmo si le informationes que veniva de iste epocha non es complete, Imhotep certemente jocava un rolo importante. On attribue a ille le diagnose e le tractamento de plus que 200 maladias. Probabilemente ille anque faceva interventiones chirurgic e dental. Alicunos dice que su travalio mesmo influentiava Hippocrate.

Katie Maggs, del museo del scientias de London, indicava que on ha ignorate un grande parte del contributiones de Africa al medicina. "Alicun elementos del medicina African, principalmente le practicas del medicina Egyptian, habeva un influentia sur le cultura grec, e il habeva cambios de ideas", illa insiste. "Le medicationes indian e chinese es disponibile ubique, ma le productos African totevia es es un thema tabu, e nunc nos debe recognoscer que isto es ver."

Le professor Peter Houghton, un experto in le medicina natural al University College, London, indica que le establishment medical, traditionalmente, ha rejectate le uso therapeutic del plantas african proque il non habeva un explication scientific pro illo. Ma il nunc es possibile verificar o falsificar lor efficacitate.

Ille indicava que un certe numero de remedios African facite a base de plantas se vende in le Regno Unite o in Internet. "Le plus cognoscite es Devil's Claw, o le ungula del diabolo, que es le radice de un planta que veni del deserto de Kalahari in le Africa austral e que se usa in le tractamento de dolores", ille diceva. "Il anque ha un crema facite de un extracto de un fruta que se trova in omne le partes del savanna, sur le qual io travalia in iste momento".

Finalmente, le professor Houghton anque indicava que il habeva multe interesse, ante alicun annos, in le virtutes therapeutic contra le obesitate de un planta sudafrican simile a un cacto que le bushmen usava pro reducer lor appetito quando illes vadeva al chassa.

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L'Afrique et la médicine moderne

Les contributions de la société européenne à la médecine sont reconnues depuis longtemps. Les Grecs sont considérés comme les précurseurs en ce qui concerne la médicine moderne. Ils ont étudié la progression des maladies. Ils avaient des connaissances de la constitution du corps humain, et leur langue a donné à la médicine beaucoup de son vocabulaire.

Mais les Grecs ont probablement appris beaucoup des anciens Egyptiens, qui ont compris le fonctionnement de l'organisme en pratiquant la momification. Imhotep, l'architecte des célèbres pyramides, a été même surnommé le premier "père de la médecine" pour son influence.

L'égyptologue Stephen Quirke indique que même si les informations en provenance de cette époque ne sont pas complètes, Imhotep a bien joué un rôle important. On lui attribue le diagnostic et le traitement de plus de 200 maladies. Il aurait même effectué des interventions chirurgicales et dentaires. Certains disent que son travail a même influencé Hippocrate.

Katie Maggs, du musée des sciences de Londres, a indiqué qu'une grande partie des contributions de l'Afrique à la médecine a été ignorée. "Il existe des éléments selon lesquels la médicine africaine, principalement les pratiques de la médicine égyptiennes, a eu une influence sur la culture grecque et qu'il y a eu des échanges d'idées", elle insiste. "Les médicaments indiens et chinois sont disponibles partout, mais les produits africains sont toujours un sujet tabou, et maintenant nous devons reconnaître cette vérité."

Le professeur Peter Houghton, un expert en médecine naturelle à University Collège London, indique que l'establishment médical a, traditionnellement, rejeté l'utilisation thérapeutique des plantes africaines, faute d'explication scientifique. Mais il est à présent possible de tester les éléments qui la composent.

Il a indiqué qu'un certain nombre de remèdes africains faits à base de plantes sont en vente au Royaume-Uni ou sur internet. "Le plus connu est Devil's Claw, ou les griffes du diable, qui est la racine d'une plante, qui vient du désert de Kalahari en Afrique australe et est utilisée pour les douleurs", il a dit. "Ensuite, il y a une crème faite a partir de l'extrait d'un fruit qu'on trouve partout dans la savane, sur laquelle je travaille en ce moment".

Finalement, le professeur Houghton a indiqué aussi qu'il y avait beaucoup d'intérêt, il y a quelques années, pour les vertus thérapeutiques contre l'obésité d'une plante sud africaine qui ressemble au cactus et était utilisée par les bushmen pour réduire leur appétit quand ils allaient à la chasse."

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Africa and Modern Medicine

The contributions of European society to medicine were recognized a long time ago. The Greeks are considered to be the fathers of modern medicine. They studied the progression of illnesses, they knew about the nature of the human body, and their language has given medicine a lot of its vocabulary.

But the Greeks probably learned a great deal from the ancient Egyptians, who knew about the structure and function of the human body from their practice of mummification. Imhotep, the famous architect of the pyramids, is known as the first "father of medicine" because of his influence.

The Egyptologist Stephen Quirke indicates that even if the information that came from this era is not complete, Imhotep certainly played an important role. Attributed to him are the diagnosis and treatment of more than 200 illnesses. It is likely that he practiced some surgery and dentistry. Some people say that his work even influenced Hippocrates.

Katie Maggs, of the Museum of the Sciences in London, indicated that a lot of African contributions to medicine have been ignored. "Some elements of African medicine, principally the practices of Egyptian medicine, had an influence on Greek culture, and there was an exchange of ideas," she insists. "Indian and Chinese medications are available everywhere, but African products are still a taboo subject, and we should now recognize that this is true."

Professor Peter Houghton, an expert in natural medicine at Univerity College, London, indicates that the medical establishment has traditionally rejected the therapeutic uses of African plants because they had no scientific explanation. But it now is possible to verify or falsify their effectiveness.

He has indicated that a certain number of African remedies based on plants are sold in the United Kingdom or on the Internet. "The most recognized is Devil's Claw, which is the root of a plant that comes from the Kalahari Desert in southern Africa and which is used in the treatment of pain," he said. "There is also a cream extracted from a fruit that is found everywhere in the savannah, which I am working on right now."

Finally, professor Houghton also indicated that there was a lot of interest some years ago in the therapeutic uses against obesity of a South African plant similar to a cactus that the bushmen used to reduce their appetite when they went hunting.

Linguas planficate ex le familias germanic e slavic

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)

Interlingua, como nos omnes sape, es un lingua planificate construite ex le elementos commun inter le linguas angloromanic e le latino. Il anque es possibile contruer simile linguas planificate ex altere familias de linguas.

Un exemplo de un tal lingua, construite ex le familia Germanic, es inneran. Ecce un breve texto de inneran “Let wy along þe rivví lopà”. In anglese isto esserea “Let’s walk along the river”. In le hollandese isto esserea “Laten we langs de rivier lopen”. Naturalmente, il ha altere linguas planificate ex iste familia. Io mesmo videva un lingua planificate ex le elementos commun inter le danese, le norvegese, e le svedese. Infelicemente, io non poteva trovar le nomine de iste lingua.

Slovio es un lingua planificate extrahite ex le familia slavic. Io legeva in un sito dedicate a slovio que un de su usatores lo apprendeva post comenciar con le russo, que illa trovava multo difficile. Ma illa apprendeva slovio multo facilemente. E post apprender lo, illa retornava a su studios de russo, que illa tunc trovava plus facile a studiar. Probabilemente il anque ha altere linguas planificate ex le familia slavic.

(Isto indica que le studio de slovio pote esser un introduction eccelente al linguas del familia slavic exactemente como interlingua pote esser un excellente preparation pro studiar le linguas del familia romanic.)

Personalmente io prefere interlingua a causa del influentia que le latino ha habite sur le civilisation occidental e a causa del importantia del vocabulario international scientific, construite ex elementos del greco e del latino. Iste altere projectos es indubitabilemente interessante, e si io habeva studiate omne lor linguas fonte tanto como io ha studiate le linguas fonte de interlingua, io trovarea lor studio multo interessante.

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Planned languages from the Germanic and Slavic Families

Interlingua, as we all know, is a planned language constructed from the elements common to the Angloromance languages and Latin. It is also possible to construct similar planned languages from other language families.

An example of such a language constructed from the Germanic family is Inneran. Here is a brief text in Inneran: “Let wy along þe rivví lopà”. In English this would be “Let’s walk along the river.” In Dutch this would be “Laten we langs de rivier lopen.” Naturally, there are other planned languages from this family. I myself saw a planned language from the common elements between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. Unfortunately, I could not find the name of this language.

Linguas planificate ex le familias germanic e slavic

Slovio is a planned language extracted from the Slavic family. I read in a site dedicated to Slovio that one of its users learned it after starting with Russian, which she found very difficult. But she learned Slovio very easily. And after learning it, she returned to her studies of Russian, which she then found easier to study. Probably there are other planned languages coming out of the Slavic family.

(This indicates that studying Slovio can be an excellent introduction to the languages of the Slavic family the way Interlingua can be a good way of getting into the Romance family of languages.)

Personally, I prefer Interlingua because of the influence that Latin has had on Western civilization and because of the importance of the international scientific vocabulary constructed from elements of Greek and Latin. These other projects are undoubtedly interesting, and if I had studied all their source languages as much as I have studied the source languages of Interlingua, I would find their study very interesting.