Wednesday, December 2, 2009
Eleanor Roosevelt
(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt esseva le marita de Franklin Delano Roosevelt, le trentesime secunde presidente statounitese. Illa adjuvava Franklin de multe manieras durante su carriera politic. Illa anque deveniva un del figuras le plus influente del Statos Unite durante que illa viveva. Illa luctava pro derectos equal pro omne personas--travaliatores, feminas, gente povre, e afroamericanos. E illa promoveva le pace inter le nationes del mundo.
Illa nasceva in New York City in 1884. Su familia esseva multo ric e influente. Ma le infantia de Eleanor non esseva felice. Su matre esseva neurotic, e su patre esseva completemente differente de su fratre plus vetule, Theodore Roosevelt, le vintesime secunde presidente del Statos Unite. Ille non poteva travaliar proque ille esseva un alcoholico. Quando Eleanor habeva octo annos, moriva su matre. Duo annos plus tarde, quando anque moriva su patre, Eleanor vadeva a viver con su granpatres. In su annos plus vetule, Eleanor diceva que su sol fonte de grande felicitate veniva de adjutar altere personas.
In le prime parte del seculo vinti, multes se inquietava a causa del problemas del gente povre qui veniva a America pro trovar un vita melior. Eleanor non poteva comprender proque multe personas viveva in le povressa durante que su familia esseva tan ric.
Post su annos de schola, illa comenciava a inseniar le lectura al infantes de Hell’s Kitchen, un del areas le plus povre de New York City. Illa visitava fabricas cuje travaliatores laborava in conditiones horribile. Illa videva infantes de quatro a cinque annos de etate qui laborava como sclavos in iste fabricas, e illa se affiliava con gruppos de feminas qui habeva simile ideas al sues sur como ameliorar le conditiones de lor vitas.
In 1916 Eleanor se maritava con Franklin, qui esseva un membro de un altere parte del familia Roosevelt. Franklin comenciava su vita in le politica in New York, ubi ille deveniva un membro del legislatura del stato. Plus tarde, le presidente Woodrow Wilson dava a ille le position de Subsecretario del Marina statounitese, e in 1913 Franklin e Eleanor moveva a Washington, D.C.
In Washington, post 13 annos de maritage, quando Eleanor discoperiva que Franklin se habeva inamorate con un altere femina, illa voleva un divorcio. Ma Franklin sapeva que un divorcio significarea le fin de su carriera politic, e Eleanor consentiva a continuar lor maritage. Ma su relationes con Franklin cambiava. Illa decideva que in vice de esser le marita typic de un politico, illa construerea un nove vita con su proprie interesses.
In 1922 Franklin deveniva malade con poliomyelite e tosto discoperiva que ille nunquam ambularea a pede sin le adjuta de alteres. Su vita politic pareva esser finite, ma Eleanor le adjuvava a retornar a su carriera politic, e ille deveniva le governator del stato New York.
Eleanor continuava a augmentar su cognoscentias del politica e deveniva involvite in causas e organisationes politic que illa trovava interessante. In 1922 illa deveniva un membro del Women’s Trade Union League, un organisation de feminas qui appoiava le movimento pro fortificar syndicatos american. Illa anque se affiliava a gruppos que voleva poner fin al guerra. In ille annos post le Prime Guerra Mundial, Eleanor esseva convencite que le Statos Unite debeva fortificar su relationes international con le fin de eliminar le guerra del mundo.
Le question de guerra o pace esseva oblidate post 1929, quando comenciava un grande crise economic que durava un decada. Su marito deveniva le presidente del Statos Unite in 1932, promittente poner fin a iste crise e restaurar le empleos que habeva disapparite post 1929.
Eleanor adjuvava Franklin per campanias de publicitate pro su programma economic nove, que on appellava le “New Deal” (nove contracto economic). Illa viagiava a omne le partes del Statos Unite pro dar discursos sur le programmas del New Deal e visitava multe areas del pais que habeva besonio de adjuta economic.
Eleanor esseva differente del maritas de presidentes anterior. Illa esseva le prime qui deveniva active in questiones politic e social. Durante que Franklin esseva le presidente del Statos Unite, Eleanor se reuniva con reporters del pressa statunitese pro explicar le New Deal. Illa scribeva articulos pro multe magazines e anque scribeva commentarios diariemente que se publicava in multe jornales del pais, demonstrante a omnes que multe feminas american habeva ideas importante pro contribuer al progresso del pais.
Un question importantissime pro Eleanor esseva derectos equal pro afroamericanos. Illa se reuniva sovente con leaders afroamerican pro informar se sur lor problemas. In ille epocha quasi nulle politicos se preoccupava con iste problemas.
In 1939 Marian Anderson, un cantante afroamerican, planificava un concerto in Constitution Hall in Washington, ma un gruppo de feminas del Daughters of the American Revolution (Filias del Revolution American) non la permitteva cantar illac proque illa esseva nigre.
Eleanor se irasceva. Illa esseva un membro de ille organisation e diceva que illa non poterea continuar a affiliar se con un organisation tan rasciste. Illa tunc organisava un concerto pro Marian Anderson in ante le monumento dedicate a Abraham Lincoln in Washington, e plus que 70.000 personas la audiva durante que illa cantava.
Post que le japoneses attaccava le base naval statounitese in Pearl Harbor in lo que nunc es le stato american de Hawaii, Eleanor pronunciava multe discursos in le radio laudante le soldatos american que illa cognosceva in su viages. Illa anque exigeva que le governamento statounitese travaliava pro le pace post le fin del guerra.
Post le morte de Franklin Roosevelt in 1945, Harry Truman deveniva le presidente del Statos Unite, e le Secunde Guerra Mundial arrivava a su fin post le prime duo menses de su presidentia. Le governamentos del mundo, recognoscente le necessitate de promover le pace, formava le Nationes Unite. Le presidente Truman appunctava Eleanor Roosevelt como un delegato american al prime reunion del Nationes Unite. Un jornal de ille epocha diceva que “le seniora Roosevelt, melio que ulle altere persona, es le melior possibile representante pro le povres del Statos Unite, o mesme le povres del mundo”.
Plus tarde, Eleanor esseva elegite le presidente del Commission del Nationes Unite pro le Derectos Human, e illa adjuvava a scriber le “Declaration Universal de Derectos Human”, que deveniva un parte del derecto international.
Eleanor passava le ultime annos de su vita visitante multe paises, observante le necessitates del paises povre del mundo, e illa exigeva que le Statos Unite adjuva plus activemente le gente in iste paises. Quando illa moriva in 1962, multe personas in omne le partes del mundo exprimeva lor gratitude pro su campanias pro meliorar le conditiones economic e social del humanitate.
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Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the wife of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the thirty-second president of the United States. She helped Franklin in many ways during his political career. She also became one of the most influential figures in the United States while she was alive. She fought for equal rights for all people--workers, women, poor people, and African Americans. And she promoted peace among the nations of the world.
She was born in New York City in 1884. Her family was very rich and influential. But Eleanor’s childhood was not happy. Her mother was neurotic, and her father was completely different from his older brother, Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-second president of the United States. He could not work because he was an alcoholic. When Eleanor was eight years old, her mother died. Two years later, when her father also died, Eleanor went to live with her grandparents. In her older years, Eleanor said that her only source of great happiness came from helping other people.
In the first part of the twentieth century, many were concerned about the problems of the poor people who came to America in search of a better life. Eleanor could not understand why many people lived in poverty while her family was so rich.
After her school years, she started teaching reading to the children of Hell’s Kitchen, one of the poorest areas of New York City. She visited factories whose workers toiled in horrible conditions. She saw four- and five-year-old children who worked like slaves in these factories, and she joined groups of women who had similar ideas to her own about how to improve their living conditions.
In 1916 Eleanor got married to Franklin, who was a member of another part of the Roosevelt family. Franklin started his career in the politics in New York, where he became a member of the legislature of the state. Later on, President Woodrow Wilson made him an assistant secretary of the American navy, and in 1913 Franklin and Eleanor moved to Washington, D.C.
In Washington, after thirteen years of marriage, when Eleanor discovered that Franklin had fallen in love with another woman, she wanted a divorce. But Franklin knew that a divorce would mean the end of his political career, and Eleanor agreed to let their marriage continue. But her relations with Franklin changed. She decided that instead of being the typical wife of a politician, she would build another life for herself with her own interests.
In 1922 Franklin got sick with polio and soon discovered that he would never walk again without the help of others. His political life seemed to be finished, but Eleanor helped him return to his political career, and he became the governor of the state of New York.
Eleanor continued to learn more about politics and became involved in causes and political organizations that she found interesting. In 1922 she became a member of the Women’s Trade Union League, an organization of women who supported the movement to strengthen American labor unions. She also joined groups that wanted to end war. In those years after the First World War, Eleanor was convinced that the United States should strengthen its international relations with the goal of eliminating war in the world.
The question of war or peace was forgotten after 1929, when a great economic crisis began that lasted a decade. Her husband became the president of the United States in 1932, promising to end this crisis and restore the jobs that had disappeared after 1929.
Eleanor helped Franklin with publicity campaigns for his new economic program, which was called the “New Deal”. She traveled to all parts of the United States to give speeches on the programs of the New Deal and visited many areas of the country that were in need of economic assistance.
Eleanor was different from the wives of former presidents. She was the first one who became active in political and social questions. While Franklin was the president of the United States, Eleanor met with reporters from the American press to explain the New Deal. She wrote articles for many magazines and also wrote daily commentaries that were published in many newspapers in the country, showing everyone that many American women had important ideas for contributing to the progress of the country.
A very important question for Eleanor was equal rights for African Americans. She often met with African American leaders to find out about their problems. At that time almost no politicians worried about these problems.
In 1939 Marian Anderson, an African American singer, planned a concert in Constitution Hall in Washington, but a group of women from the Daughters of the American Revolution did not let her sing there because she was black.
Eleanor got mad. She was a member of that organization and said that she could not continue to be a member of such a racist organization. She then organized a concert for Marian Anderson in front of the monument dedicated to Abraham Lincoln in Washington, and more than 70,000 people heard her as she sang.
After the Japanese attacked the American naval base in Pearl Harbor in what is now the American state of Hawaii, Eleanor gave a lot of speeches on the radio praising the American soldiers that she met in her travels. She also demanded that the American government work for peace after the end of the war.
After the death of Franklin Roosevelt in 1945, Harry Truman became the president of the United States, and the Second World War reached its end after the first two months of his presidency. The governments of the world, recognizing the need to promote peace, formed the United Nations. President Truman appointed Eleanor Roosevelt to be an American delegate at the first meeting of the United Nations. A newspaper of that time said that “Mrs. Roosevelt, more than any other person, is the best representative for the poor in the United States, or even the poor people of the world.”
Later on, Eleanor was elected president of the United Nations Commission for Human Rights, and she helped write the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” which became part of international law.
Eleanor spent the last years of he life visiting many countries, observing the needs of the poor countries of the world, and she demanded that the United State more actively help people in these countries. When she died in 1962, many people everywhere in the world expressed their gratitude for her campaigns to improve the economic and social conditions of humanity.
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