Le linguage e le cerebro

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)

Il esserea multo satisfacente, naturalmente, si nos poteva trovar un parte del cerebro que controla regulas syntactic e un altere parte que immagasina le parolas de nostre linguas, ma le cerebro non ha iste typo de structura. Illo non es simplemente le typo de organo con pecias de texito con formas recognoscibile como le ficato o un ren in le quales activitates physiologic ben definite se executa. Il es necesse que un rotula ha un certe forma physic pro functionar ben, me un senso de orientation in le spatio, pro exemplo, o le intelligentia emotional e social o le capacitate de parlar un lingua usa multe partes differente del cerebro con connexiones a multe altere partes.

Le cerebro es un organo de computation, e lo que es importante in systemas de computation es como le information flue inter lor diverse partes e no con la forma del partes mesme.

In nostre computatores, un programma o un base de datos pote immagazinar se in diverse sectores in RAM (memoria ephemere) o in un disco magnetic o optic. Ma si le systema preserva le information e si il ha ligamines inter le regiones differente, le programma functiona perfectemente, e si nos voleva, nos poterea describer exactemente iste ligamines--un possibilitate pauco practic in le caso de un systema informatic e un scopo impossibile in le caso del cerebro human.

Le cerebro non es un computator digital, naturalmente, e su circuitos non se transmitte inter le cannelaturas de communication de un processator central e un collection de chips de RAM. Ma le systemas de information e computation del cerebro human trova connexiones organicamente convenibile durante que illo disveloppa le rete de communicationes intra nostre cerebros--un processo multo rapide inter nostre infantes e pueros que continua mesmo ultra le pubertate.

Omnes qui ha installate un pacchetto de logiciel in un computator sape que mesmo un programma simple ha besonio de centenares, mesmo milles de archivos trovate in omne le partes del machina si le logiciel va a coordinar se efficacemente con le memoria e systemas de transmission e immagazinage e permitter que cata componente del computator functiona ben.

De un maniera simile, le systemas de processamento del cerebro es como un octopode cuje tentaculos vade (1) al bucca, (2) al gorga, (3) al diaphragma (pro provider le fluxo de ar necesse pro parlar), (4) al aures (pro comprender le linguage parlate), (5) al memoria temporanee (pro immagazinar le prime parte de un asseveration durante que on essaya a construer su parte final), (6) a conceptos de omne typo in le processo de trovar parolas que exprime iste conceptos de un maniera efficace, e (7) a systemas de planification e rationamento (pro decider exactemente lo que on vole dicer e como on vole dicer lo).

In un machina artificial, cata componente pote esser in su proprie cassa, ma le cerebro human es le producto de evolution aleatori que se extende retro al minus al prime pisces e amphibianos que sortiva del oceano pro promenar se in le litores de nostre insulas e continentes, e su structura es le producto de multissime experimentos aleatori trans le milliones de annos del evolution del vita sur nostre planeta, e de multe manieras su diverse functiones es un compromisso inter lo que poterea esser optime e lo que es simplemente practic pro assecurar le superviventia e de nos mesmes e del milliones de animales que es nostre ancestres.

---

Language and the Brain

It would be very satisfying, naturally, if we could find a part of the brain that controls syntactic rules and another part that stores the words of our languages, but the brain does not have this kind/type of structure. It is not simply the kind of organ with pieces of tissue with recognizable forms such as the liver or a kidney, in which well-defined physiological activities take place. It is necessary for a kneecap to have a certain physical form to function well, but a sense of orientation in space, for example, or emotional and social intelligence or the capability of speaking a language uses many different parts of the brain with connections to many other parts.

The brain is a computing organ, and what is important in systems of computation is how information flows among its various parts and not with the form of the parts themselves.

In our computers, a program or a data base can be stored in various sections of RAM (random-access memory) or on a magnetic or optical disk. But if the system preserves the information and if there are links among the different regions, the program functions perfectly, and, if we wanted to, we could exactly describe these links--a highly impractical possibility in the case of a computerized system and an impossible goal in the case of the human brain.

The brain is not a digital computer, of course, and its circuits are not transmitted through the communication slots of a central processor and of a collection of RAM chips. But the information and computation systems of the human brain find organically suitable connections as it develops the communication network in our brains--a very rapid process among infants and children that continues even after puberty.

Anyone who has installed a software package in a computer knows that even a simple program needs hundreds, even thousands, of files found in all the parts of the machine if the software is going to work effectively with the memory and the transmission and storage systems and allow every component of the computer to function well.

In the same way, the processing systems of the brain are like an octopus whose tentacles go (1) to the mouth, (2) to the throat, (3) to the diaphragm (to provide the flow of air needed for speaking), (4) to the ears (to understand spoken language), (5) to the temporary memory (to store the first part of a statement as a person tries to construct its final part), (6) to all kinds of concepts in the process of finding words that explain these concepts in an effective way, and (7) to reasoning and planning systems (to decide exactly what a person wants to say and how he wants to say it).

In an artificial machine, each component can be in its own box, but the human brain is the product of random evolution that extends backwards at least to the first fish and amphibians that left the ocean to walk on the shores of our islands and continents, and its structure is the product of many random experiments throughout the millions of years of the evolution of life on our planet, and in many ways its various functions are a compromise between what could be optimum and what is simply practical to assure our own survival and the survival of the millions of animals that are our ancestors.