Thursday, January 15, 2009

Le pollution del mar


(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)


Vidite del spatio, nostre planeta es blau e blanc a causa del mar e del nubes que lo coperi. Le mar coperi circa 78% (septanta octo pro cento) del superficie del terra. Ben que nos da nomines differente al mar secundo le differente regiones del mundo, nostre planeta ha vermente un sol mar.

Durante milles de annos nos ha usate le mar pro piscar, pro transportar personas e mercantias, e anque como un deposito pro residuos de omne tipos. In seculos passate, nostre mar poteva tolerar iste residuos sin multe injuria. Ma nunc, con le incremento del population mundial, nos pone a in le mar enorme e crescente quantitates de residuos e de altere substantias natural e fabricate, le quales menacia seriemente le capacitate del mar pro purificar se.

Pro le major parte de nos, omne iste effectos es invisibile. Generalmente nos non ha contacto directe con le petroleo, le plasticos, le aquas residual, le residuos chimic, le insecticidas, e le residuos radioactive que pone in periculo le vita de nostre mar. Si nos tolera iste crescente uso nocive del mar, nos occidera omne le vita del ressource natural le plus importante que nos sustene; e si illo mori, eventualmente nos morira con illo.

Le mar es un mundo plen de vita. Le plantas que compone le plancto marin depende del energia del sol cadite al superficie del mar. Infra su superficie vive animales como le pisces. Aves marin se immerge in le mar pro mangier su pisces. In le partes plus profunde del mar, le superviventia es plus difficile, e le animales que vive in iste parte del mar ha debite adaptar se specialmente al exigentias de vita in un ambiente carente del lumine del sol.

Le mar anque es vital pro le vita terrestre de nostre planeta. Illo contine plus que 90% (novanta pro cento) del aqua de nostre planeta, le qual ha un influentia fortissime sur le climate in omne partes del mundo. Le formation de nubes es specialmente importante proque illos provide aqua dulce a omne formas de vita terrestre, que devenirea extincte rapidissimemente sin iste ressources vermente vital. Le mar anque regula le temperaturas de omne partes de nostre planeta con su currentes calide e frigide.

Plus que 50% (cinquanta pro cento) del population mundial vivi apud o circa le litores de nostre mar. Cata anno le humanitate extrahe de illo enorme quantitates de sal e de petroleo e gas natural. Etiam plus importante es le alimentos differente (de grande pisces a parve canceres) que le mar nos provide. Quasi 25% (vinti cinque pro cento) del proteinas consumite per le humanitate veni del mar.

Si nos usa le mar de un maniera rational, illo anque nos providera iste ressources primordial in le futuro. Ma nos debera esser multo attente proque nostre population cresce continuemente, e con illo cresce nostre uso del ressources del mar. E si nos contamina le mar, nos ponera in periculo omne le plantas e animales que vive in illo, usque nos finalmente invenena e destrue omne nostre fontes alimentari.

Le contamination del mar veni de fontes diverse. Multe naves deposita lor residuos in le mar. Nostre fluvios porta al mar elementos chimic como insecticidas, fertilisantes, e agentes toxic de nostre fabricas e terras contaminate. Urbes al litore del mar anque deposita in illo residuos procedente de lor edificios, industrias, e centrales thermic. Il ha remedios contra iste contamination, ma generalmente on non los usa a causa de lor costos e incommoditate.

Le petroleo que nos lassa escappar in le mar causa mareas nigre, que pote coperir grande areas costal. Iste petroleo invenena le animales del mar e rende immunde nostre plagias. Iste contamination es sovente visibile, e nos lo cognosce melio que altere formas de contamination del mar que es equalmente damnose. Lentemente diverse tipos de bacterios discompone multe de iste fontes de contamination. Ma si nostre contamination del mar seque su taxas de crescimento actual, illo eventualmente occidera anque iste bacterios.

On estima que sex milliones de tonnas de plastico es abandonate al mar cata anno. Le principal difficultates con iste plasticos es que multes de illos non es biodegradabile. Iste plastico (in forma de retes de piscatores e parve pecias de divese formas) es inglutite per animales marin, que tunc non pote nutrir se o cuje stomachos o intestinos deveni seriemente ferite, causante lor morte eventualmente de un maniera multo dolorose.

Un grande quantitate de substantias damnose es conducite al mar per cloacas. Intra lor fluidos il ha substantias biologic nocive, que porta al mar diverse tipos de bacterios e viruses pathogenic. Nostre cloacas anque porta al mar residuos chimic industrial multo invenenose. Il es possibile purificar industrialmente multo de iste effluvio, ma il es multo costose construer iste plantas purificante, e multe paises (specialmente in le tertie mundo) non ha le ressources economic pro construer los.

Alicun processos industrial libera metales toxic al mar o directemente per cloacas o indirectemente trans le aer. Eventualmente multo de iste contamination cade al mar, addente significantemente a su pollution general. Iste metales pote causar nivellos alte de contamination periculose pro le animales terrestre que se nutri de animales marin proque iste venenos se accumula in lor celulas. Iste contamination se concentra quando illo ascende trans le catena alimentari.

Le radioactivitate es un fonte periculosissime de pollution pro nostre mares. Post le Secunde Guerra Mundial usque le decada comenciante con 1970, provas de bombas nuclear conducite per diverse paises produceva grande quantitates de pulvore radioactive, que cadeva in le mar e sur le terra principalmente per medio del pluvia. Etiam nunc multe particulos producite per iste provas se trova suspendite in nostre atmosphera e se misce con le nubes sur nostre planeta, cadente eventualmente como pluvio sur le mar e nostre continentes.

Le centrales nuclear que usa aqua pro refrigerar lor reactores debe discargar al mar aqua radioactive, que anque causa contamination thermic. Ben que nunc iste fonte de contamination se ha diminuite, inter 1967 e 1983 nos depositava 95.000 tonnas de iste residuos radioactive exceptionalmente nocive. Con le tempore le radioactivitate de iste aqua atomic se reducera, ma le processo essera lente.

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The Pollution of the Sea

Seen from space, our planet is blue and white because of the sea and the clouds that cover it. The sea covers about 78% (seventy-eight percent) of the surface of the earth. Though we give different names to the sea to accord with the different regions of the world, our planet really has a single sea.

For thousands of years we have used the sea for fishing, for transporting people and merchandise, and also as a dumping ground for all types of waste. In past centuries, our sea could tolerate this waste without much damage. But now, with the increase in world population, we release into the sea enormous and growing amounts of waste and of other natural and manufactured substances, which are seriously threatening the capacity of the sea to purify itself.

For most of us, all these effects are invisible. Generally we don't have direct contact with the petroleum, plastics, waste water, chemical waste, insecticides, and radioactive waste that are endangering the life in our sea. If we tolerate increases in this damaging use of our sea, we will kill off all the life of the most precious natural resource that sustains us; and if it dies, eventually we will die with it.

The sea is a world filled with life. The plants that make up marine plankton depend on the energy of the sun reaching the surface of the sea. Below its surface live animals like fish. Marine birds dive into the sea to eat its fish. In the deepest parts of the sea, survival is more difficult, and the animals that live in this part of the sea have had to adapt themselves especially to the demands of life in an environment completely lacking in sunlight.

The sea also is vital for all the land life on earth. It contains more than 90% (ninety percent) of the water on our planet, which has a very strong influence on the climate in all partes of the world. The formation of clouds is especially important because they provide fresh water to all forms of terrestrial life, which would become extinct very rapidly without these really vital resources. The sea also regulates temperatures everywhere on our planet with its warm and cold currents.

More than 50% (fifty percent) of the population of the world lives next to or close to the shores of our sea. Each year the people of the world extract from it enormous quantities of salt and petroleum and natural gas. Even more important are the different foods (from large fish to small crabs) that the sea provides us. Almost 25% (twenty-five percent) of the protein consumed by all the peoples of the world comes from the sea.

If we use the sea in a rational way, it also will provide us with these very essential resources in the future. But we will have to be very careful because our population is constantly growing, and with it our use of the resources of the sea also constantly grows. And if we contaminate the sea, we will endanger all the plants and animals that live in it, until we finally poison and destroy all our sources of food.

The contamination of the sea comes from diverse sources. Many ships deposit their waste into the sea. Our rivers carry to the sea chemical elements like insecticides, fertilizers, and toxic agents from our factories and contaminated lands. Cities on the edge of the sea also deposit into it waste coming from their buildings, industries, and thermal electric generating stations. There are remedies against this contimination, but generally they are not used because of their inconvenience and expense.

The petroleum that we allow to escape into the sea causes black tides, which can cover great coastal areas. This petroleum poisons the animals of the sea and pollutes our beaches. This contamination is often visible, and we are more aware of it than we are of other forms of contamination of the sea that are equally damaging. Slowly, different types of bacteria decompose many of these sources of contamination. But if our contamination of the sea follows its current rate of growth, it will eventually kill even these bacteria.

It is estimated that six million tons of plastic are abandoned to the sea each year. The principal difficulties with these plastics is that many of them are not biodegradable. This plastic (in the form of fishing nets and small pieces of different kinds) is swallowed by marine animals, which then cannot feed themselves or whose stomachs and intestines suffer serious injuries, causing them to eventually suffer a very painful death.

Very large amounts of damaging substances are carried to the sea through sewers. Among their fluids are damaging biological substances that carry to the sea different types of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Our sewers also carry to the sea very poisonous chemical waste from our industries. It is possible to purify much of this outflow using industrial processes, but it is costly to build these purifying plants, and many countries (especially in the third world) do not have the economic resources to build them.

Some industrial processes liberate toxic metals into the sea either directly through sewers or indirectly through the air. Eventually much of this contamination falls into the sea, adding significantly to its general pollution. These metals can cause high levels of dangerous contamination for the terrestrial animals that eat marine animals because these poisons accumulate in their cells. This contamination is concentrated when it goes up the food chain.

Radioactivity is a very dangeous source of pollution for our sea. After the Second World War up to the decade starting with 1970, nuclear bomb tests conducted by different countries produced great quantities of radioactive dust, which fell into the sea and onto the earth principally by means of rain. Even now many particles produced by these tests are suspended in our atmosphere and mix with the clouds over our planet, falling eventually in the form of rain on the sea and on our continents.

Nuclear generating stations that use water to cool their reactors must discharge into the sea radioactive water, which also causes thermal pollution. Though this source of contamination has gone down, between 1967 and 1983 we deposited 95,000 tons of this exceptionally damaging radioactive waste. In time, the radioactivity of this atomic water will go down, but the process will be slow.

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